Category: university

ಮಾನವನ ದೇಹದಲ್ಲಿ ಪ್ರತಿಜೀವಕಗಳಿಂದ ಪತ್ತೆಯಾಗುವುದನ್ನು ತಪ್ಪಿಸಲು ಬ್ಯಾಕ್ಟೀರಿಯಾ ರೂಪವನ್ನು ಬದಲಾಯಿಸಬಹುದು ಎಂದು ವಿಜ್ಞಾನಿಗಳು ಮೊದಲ ಬಾರಿಗೆ ದೃಡ ಪಡಿಸಿದ್ದಾರೆ.

ಬೆಂಗಳೂರು: ಪುನರಾವರ್ತಿತ ಮೂತ್ರದ ಸೋಂಕಿನೊಂದಿಗೆ ವಯಸ್ಸಾದ ರೋಗಿಗಳಿಂದ ಮಾದರಿಗಳನ್ನು ಅಧ್ಯಯನ ಮಾಡುತ್ತಿರುವ ನ್ಯೂಕ್ಯಾಸಲ್ ವಿಶ್ವವಿದ್ಯಾಲಯ ತಂಡವು ಅತ್ಯಾಧುನಿಕ ತಂತ್ರಗಳನ್ನು ಬಳಸಿ ಬ್ಯಾಕ್ಟೀರಿಯಾವು ತನ್ನ ಜೀವಕೋಶದ ಗೋಡೆಯನ್ನು ಕಳೆದುಕೊಳ್ಳಬಹುದು ಎಂದು ಗುರುತಿಸುತ್ತದೆ – ಇದು ಪ್ರತಿಜೀವಕಗಳ ಅನೇಕ ಗುಂಪುಗಳ ಸಾಮಾನ್ಯ ಗುರಿಯಾಗಿದೆ.

“ಎಲ್-ಫಾರ್ಮ್ ಸ್ವಿಚಿಂಗ್” ಎಂದು ಕರೆಯಲ್ಪಡುವ ಜೀವಕೋಶದ ಗೋಡೆಯಿಲ್ಲದೆ ಬ್ಯಾಕ್ಟೀರಿಯಾದ ಬದುಕುಳಿಯುವ ಸಾಮರ್ಥ್ಯದ ಬಗ್ಗೆ ಅದರ ತಲೆಯ ಪ್ರಸ್ತುತ ಆಲೋಚನೆಯನ್ನು ಆನ್ ಮಾಡುವ ಎರಿಂಗ್ಟನ್ ಲ್ಯಾಬ್‌ನ ಸಂಶೋಧನೆಯು ಇಂದು ನೇಚರ್ ಕಮ್ಯುನಿಕೇಷನ್‌ನಲ್ಲಿ ಪ್ರಕಟವಾಗಿದೆ.

ವಿಶ್ವ ಆರೋಗ್ಯ ಸಂಸ್ಥೆ ಪ್ರತಿಜೀವಕ ನಿರೋಧಕತೆಯನ್ನು ಇಂದು ಜಾಗತಿಕ ಆರೋಗ್ಯ, ಆಹಾರ ಸುರಕ್ಷತೆ ಮತ್ತು ಅಭಿವೃದ್ಧಿಗೆ ದೊಡ್ಡ ಬೆದರಿಕೆ ಎಂದು ಗುರುತಿಸಿದೆ.

ಪ್ರಮುಖ ಲೇಖಕ, ನ್ಯೂಕ್ಯಾಸಲ್ ವಿಶ್ವವಿದ್ಯಾಲಯದ ಸಂಶೋಧಕ ಡಾ. ಕಟಾರ್ಜಿನಾ ಮಿಕ್ಕಿವಿಕ್ಜ್ ಹೀಗೆ ಹೇಳಿದರು: “ಗೋಡೆಯು ಹೆಚ್ಚಿನ ವಿಸ್ ಜಾಕೆಟ್ ಧರಿಸಿದ ಬ್ಯಾಕ್ಟೀರಿಯಾದಂತಿದೆ ಎಂದು ಕಲ್ಪಿಸಿಕೊಳ್ಳಿ. ಇದು ಅವರಿಗೆ ನಿಯಮಿತ ಆಕಾರವನ್ನು ನೀಡುತ್ತದೆ, ಉದಾಹರಣೆಗೆ ರಾಡ್ ಅಥವಾ ಗೋಳ, ಅವುಗಳನ್ನು ಬಲಪಡಿಸುತ್ತದೆ ಮತ್ತು ಅವುಗಳನ್ನು ರಕ್ಷಿಸುತ್ತದೆ ಆದರೆ ಅವುಗಳನ್ನು ಹೆಚ್ಚು ಗೋಚರಿಸುತ್ತದೆ – ವಿಶೇಷವಾಗಿ ಮಾನವ ಪ್ರತಿರಕ್ಷಣಾ ವ್ಯವಸ್ಥೆ ಮತ್ತು ಪೆನ್ಸಿಲಿನ್ ನಂತಹ ಪ್ರತಿಜೀವಕಗಳಿಗೆ.

“ನಾವು ನೋಡಿದ ಸಂಗತಿಯೆಂದರೆ, ಪ್ರತಿಜೀವಕಗಳ ಉಪಸ್ಥಿತಿಯಲ್ಲಿ, ಬ್ಯಾಕ್ಟೀರಿಯಾವು ಹೆಚ್ಚು ಸಾಮಾನ್ಯವಾದ ಗೋಡೆಯ ರೂಪದಿಂದ ಸಂಪೂರ್ಣವಾಗಿ ಯಾದೃಚ್, ಿಕ, ಕೋಶ ಗೋಡೆ-ಕೊರತೆಯಿರುವ ಎಲ್-ಫಾರ್ಮ್ ಸ್ಥಿತಿಗೆ ಬದಲಾಗಲು ಸಾಧ್ಯವಾಗುತ್ತದೆ- ಪರಿಣಾಮಕಾರಿಯಾಗಿ, ಹಳದಿ ಜಾಕೆಟ್ ಚೆಲ್ಲುತ್ತದೆ ಮತ್ತು ಅದನ್ನು ಮರೆಮಾಡುತ್ತದೆ ಸ್ವತಃ.

“ಈ ರೂಪದಲ್ಲಿ ದೇಹವು ಬ್ಯಾಕ್ಟೀರಿಯಾವನ್ನು ಸುಲಭವಾಗಿ ಗುರುತಿಸಲು ಸಾಧ್ಯವಿಲ್ಲ, ಆದ್ದರಿಂದ ಅವುಗಳ ಮೇಲೆ ದಾಳಿ ಮಾಡುವುದಿಲ್ಲ – ಮತ್ತು ಪ್ರತಿಜೀವಕಗಳನ್ನೂ ಮಾಡುವುದಿಲ್ಲ.”

ಎಲ್-ಫಾರ್ಮ್ – ನಯವಾದ ಆದರೆ ಉಳಿದುಕೊಂಡಿದೆ

ಡಾ. ಫಿಲಿಪ್ ಆಲ್ಡ್ರಿಡ್ಜ್ ಮತ್ತು ಡಾ. ಜುಡಿತ್ ಹಾಲ್ ಆಯೋಜಿಸಿದ ನ್ಯೂಕ್ಯಾಸಲ್ ಅಪಾನ್ ಟೈನ್ ಹಾಸ್ಪಿಟಲ್ಸ್ ಫೌಂಡೇಶನ್ ಟ್ರಸ್ಟ್‌ನ ನ್ಯೂಕ್ಯಾಸಲ್ ಫ್ರೀಮನ್ ಆಸ್ಪತ್ರೆಯ ವೈದ್ಯರ ಸಹಯೋಗದೊಂದಿಗೆ ಪಡೆದ ಮಾದರಿಗಳನ್ನು ಬಳಸಿದ ಸಂಶೋಧನೆಯು ಪ್ರತಿಜೀವಕಗಳು ಇರುವಾಗ ತೋರಿಸುತ್ತದೆ – ಉದಾಹರಣೆಗೆ ಯುಟಿಐ ಸ್ವೀಕರಿಸುವ ಪೆನ್ಸಿಲಿನ್ ಹೊಂದಿರುವ ರೋಗಿಯಲ್ಲಿ ಅಥವಾ ಇತರ ಕೋಶ ಗೋಡೆ-ಗುರಿ ಪ್ರತಿಜೀವಕ – ನಂತರ ಬ್ಯಾಕ್ಟೀರಿಯಾವು ರೂಪವನ್ನು ಬದಲಾಯಿಸುವ ಸಾಮರ್ಥ್ಯವನ್ನು ಹೊಂದಿರುತ್ತದೆ, ಇದು ಜೀವಕೋಶದ ಗೋಡೆಯನ್ನು ಕಳೆದುಕೊಳ್ಳುತ್ತದೆ, ಇದು ಸಾಮಾನ್ಯವಾಗಿ ಪ್ರತಿಜೀವಕದ ಗುರಿಯಾಗಿದೆ.

ಹಿಂದಿನ ಪ್ರಕಟಣೆಯಲ್ಲಿ, 2018 ರಲ್ಲಿ ಸೆಲ್‌ನಲ್ಲಿ ಕಾಣಿಸಿಕೊಂಡಿದೆ (10.1016 / j.cell.2018.01.021), ನಮ್ಮ ರೋಗನಿರೋಧಕ ವ್ಯವಸ್ಥೆಯು ಕೆಲವು ರೀತಿಯಲ್ಲಿ ಎಲ್-ಫಾರ್ಮ್ ಸ್ವಿಚಿಂಗ್ ಅನ್ನು ಪ್ರೇರೇಪಿಸುತ್ತದೆ ಆದರೆ ಪ್ರತಿಜೀವಕಗಳ ಚಿಕಿತ್ಸೆಯು ಹೆಚ್ಚು ಆಳವಾಗಿದೆ ಎಂದು ಎರಿಂಗ್ಟನ್ ತಂಡವು ತೋರಿಸಿಕೊಟ್ಟಿತು. ಪರಿಣಾಮ. ಪ್ರಸ್ತುತ ಅಧ್ಯಯನವು ಯು.ಟಿ.ಐ.ಗಳೊಂದಿಗೆ ಇ.ಕೋಲಿ, ಎಂಟರೊಕೊಕಸ್, ಎಂಟರೊಬ್ಯಾಕ್ಟರ್ ಮತ್ತು ಸ್ಟ್ಯಾಫಿಲೋಕೊಕಸ್ ಸೇರಿದಂತೆ ವಿವಿಧ ಬ್ಯಾಕ್ಟೀರಿಯಾದ ಪ್ರಭೇದಗಳ ಎಲ್-ರೂಪಗಳು ಅಧ್ಯಯನದಲ್ಲಿ ಭಾಗಿಯಾಗಿರುವ 30 ರೋಗಿಗಳಲ್ಲಿ 29 ರಲ್ಲಿ ಪತ್ತೆಯಾಗಿದೆ ಎಂದು ತೋರಿಸಿದೆ.

ಈ ಎಲ್-ರೂಪದಲ್ಲಿ ಬ್ಯಾಕ್ಟೀರಿಯಾವು ನಯವಾದ ಮತ್ತು ದುರ್ಬಲವಾಗಿರುತ್ತದೆ ಆದರೆ ಕೆಲವು ಬದುಕುಳಿಯುತ್ತವೆ, ದೇಹದೊಳಗೆ ಅಡಗಿಕೊಳ್ಳುತ್ತವೆ.

ಜೀವಂತ ಜೀವಿಗಳಲ್ಲಿ

ಸಂಶೋಧನೆಯು ಮೊದಲ ಬಾರಿಗೆ ವೀಡಿಯೊದಲ್ಲಿ ಸೆರೆಹಿಡಿಯಲ್ಪಟ್ಟಿದೆ, ಯುಟಿಐ ಹೊಂದಿರುವ ರೋಗಿಯಿಂದ ಎಲ್-ಫಾರ್ಮ್ ಬ್ಯಾಕ್ಟೀರಿಯಾವನ್ನು ಪ್ರತ್ಯೇಕಿಸಿ ಪ್ರತಿಜೀವಕ ಹೋದ ನಂತರ ಕೋಶ ಗೋಡೆಯನ್ನು ಪುನಃ ರಚಿಸುತ್ತದೆ – ಕೇವಲ 5 ಗಂಟೆಗಳನ್ನು ತೆಗೆದುಕೊಳ್ಳುತ್ತದೆ. ಪಾರದರ್ಶಕ ಜೀಬ್ರಾಫಿಶ್ ಮಾದರಿಯಲ್ಲಿ ನೇರ ಸೂಕ್ಷ್ಮದರ್ಶಕದಿಂದ ತಂಡವು ತೋರಿಸಲು ಸಾಧ್ಯವಾಯಿತು, ಎಲ್-ಫಾರ್ಮ್ ಸ್ವಿಚಿಂಗ್ ಇಡೀ ಜೀವಿಯ ಸನ್ನಿವೇಶದಲ್ಲಿ ಸಾಧ್ಯವಿದೆ ಮತ್ತು ಪ್ರಯೋಗಾಲಯದಲ್ಲಿ ಕೃತಕ ಪರಿಸ್ಥಿತಿಗಳಲ್ಲಿ ಮಾತ್ರವಲ್ಲ.

ಡಾ. ಮಿಕ್ಕಿವಿಜ್ ವಿವರಿಸಿದರು: “ಆರೋಗ್ಯವಂತ ರೋಗಿಯಲ್ಲಿ ಇದರ ಅರ್ಥವೇನೆಂದರೆ, ಉಳಿದಿರುವ ಎಲ್-ಫಾರ್ಮ್ ಬ್ಯಾಕ್ಟೀರಿಯಾಗಳು ಅವರ ಆತಿಥೇಯರ ಪ್ರತಿರಕ್ಷಣಾ ವ್ಯವಸ್ಥೆಯಿಂದ ನಾಶವಾಗುತ್ತವೆ. ಆದರೆ ದುರ್ಬಲಗೊಂಡ ಅಥವಾ ವಯಸ್ಸಾದ ರೋಗಿಯಲ್ಲಿ, ನಮ್ಮ ಮಾದರಿಗಳಂತೆ, ಎಲ್-ಫಾರ್ಮ್ ಬ್ಯಾಕ್ಟೀರಿಯಾಗಳು ಬದುಕಬಲ್ಲವು. ನಂತರ ಅವರು ತಮ್ಮ ಜೀವಕೋಶದ ಗೋಡೆಯನ್ನು ಪುನಃ ರಚಿಸಬಹುದು ಮತ್ತು ರೋಗಿಯು ಮತ್ತೆ ಮತ್ತೊಂದು ಸೋಂಕನ್ನು ಎದುರಿಸುತ್ತಾನೆ. ಮತ್ತು ಮರುಕಳಿಸುವ ಯುಟಿಐ ಹೊಂದಿರುವ ಜನರನ್ನು ನಾವು ನೋಡುವುದಕ್ಕೆ ಇದು ಒಂದು ಮುಖ್ಯ ಕಾರಣವಾಗಿರಬಹುದು.

“ವೈದ್ಯರಿಗೆ ಇದು ಸಂಯೋಜನೆಯ ಚಿಕಿತ್ಸೆಯನ್ನು ಪರಿಗಣಿಸುವುದನ್ನು ಅರ್ಥೈಸಬಹುದು – ಆದ್ದರಿಂದ ಜೀವಕೋಶದ ಗೋಡೆಯ ಮೇಲೆ ದಾಳಿ ಮಾಡುವ ಪ್ರತಿಜೀವಕವು ನಂತರ ಯಾವುದೇ ಗುಪ್ತ ಎಲ್-ಫಾರ್ಮ್ ಬ್ಯಾಕ್ಟೀರಿಯಾಗಳಿಗೆ ವಿಭಿನ್ನ ರೀತಿಯಾಗಿದೆ, ಆದ್ದರಿಂದ ಆರ್ಎನ್ಎ ಅಥವಾ ಡಿಎನ್‌ಎ ಒಳಗೆ ಅಥವಾ ಸುತ್ತಮುತ್ತಲಿನ ಪೊರೆಯನ್ನೂ ಸಹ ಗುರಿಯಾಗಿಸುತ್ತದೆ.”

ರೋಗನಿರ್ಣಯ

ಆಸ್ಪತ್ರೆಯಲ್ಲಿ ಬಳಸುವ ಸಾಂಪ್ರದಾಯಿಕ ವಿಧಾನಗಳಿಂದ ಎಲ್-ಫಾರ್ಮ್ ಬ್ಯಾಕ್ಟೀರಿಯಾವನ್ನು ಗುರುತಿಸುವುದು ಕಷ್ಟ ಎಂದು ಸಂಶೋಧನೆಯು ಕಂಡುಹಿಡಿದಿದೆ, ಏಕೆಂದರೆ ಪರಿಣಾಮಕಾರಿಯಾಗಿ ಬಳಸುವ ಜೆಲ್ ಬ್ಯಾಕ್ಟೀರಿಯಾವನ್ನು ಅದರೊಳಗೆ ಹಾಕಿದಂತೆ “ಪಾಪ್ಸ್” ಮಾಡುತ್ತದೆ.

ದುರ್ಬಲವಾದ ಎಲ್-ಫಾರ್ಮ್ ಬ್ಯಾಕ್ಟೀರಿಯಾವನ್ನು ಬೆಂಬಲಿಸಲು ವಿಶೇಷ ಆಸ್ಮೋಪ್ರೊಟೆಕ್ಟಿವ್ ಪತ್ತೆ ವಿಧಾನದ ಅಗತ್ಯವಿತ್ತು, ಅವುಗಳನ್ನು ಪ್ರಯೋಗಾಲಯದಲ್ಲಿ ಗುರುತಿಸಲು ಅನುವು ಮಾಡಿಕೊಡುತ್ತದೆ. ಚಿಕಿತ್ಸೆಯನ್ನು ಪಡೆದ ರೋಗಿಗಳಲ್ಲಿನ ಪ್ರಯೋಗಗಳೊಂದಿಗೆ ತಂಡವು ಸಂಶೋಧನೆಯನ್ನು ಮುಂದುವರಿಸಲಿದೆ.

City Today News

(citytoday.media)

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Scientists have confirmed for the first time that bacteria can change form to avoid being detected by antibiotics in the human body.

Bengaluru: Studying samples from elderly patients with recurring urinary tract infections, the Newcastle University team used state-of-the art techniques to identify that a bacteria can lose its cell wall – the common target of many groups of antibiotics.

The research by the Errington lab which turns on its head current thinking about the bacteria’s ability to survive without a cell wall, known as “L-form switching”, is published today in Nature Communications.

The World Health Organisation has identified antibiotic resistance as one of the biggest threats to global health, food security, and development today.

Lead author, Dr Katarzyna Mickiewicz researcher at Newcastle University said: “Imagine that the wall is like the bacteria wearing a high-vis jacket. This gives them a regular shape, for example a rod or a sphere, making them strong and protecting them but also makes them highly visible – particularly to human immune system and antibiotics like penicillin.

“What we have seen is that in the presence of antibiotics, the bacteria are able to change from a highly regular walled form to a completely random, cell wall-deficient L-form state– in effect, shedding the yellow jacket and hiding it inside themselves.

“In this form the body can’t easily recognise the bacteria so doesn’t attack them – and neither do antibiotics.”

L-form – flimsy but survives
The research which used samples obtained through a collaboration with clinicians at the Newcastle Freeman Hospital part of Newcastle upon Tyne Hospitals Foundation Trust organised by Dr Phillip Aldridge and Dr Judith Hall shows that when antibiotics are present – such as in a patient with a UTI receiving penicillin or other cell wall-targeting antibiotic – then the bacteria has the ability to change form, losing the cell wall which is often the target of the antibiotic.

In a previous publication, which appeared in Cell in 2018 (10.1016/j.cell.2018.01.021), the Errington team demonstrated that our immune system can also to some extend induce L-form switching but treatment with antibiotics have a much more profound effect. Current study showed that L-forms of various bacterial species typically associated with UTIs including E. coli, Enterococcus, Enterobacter and Staphylococcus were detectable in 29 out of 30 patients involved in the study.

In this L-form the bacteria are flimsy and weaker but some survive, hiding inside the body.

In a living organism
The research also captured on video for the first time, L-form bacteria isolated from a patient with UTI re-forming a cell wall after the antibiotic had gone – taking just 5 hours. The team was also able to show by a direct microscopy in transparent zebrafish model, that the L-form switching is possible in the context of whole living organism and not only in artificial conditions in the lab.

Dr Mickiewicz explained: “In a healthy patient this would probably mean that the L-form bacteria left would be destroyed by their hosts’ immune system. But in a weakened or elderly patient, like in our samples, the L-form bacteria can survive. They can then re-form their cell wall and the patient is yet again faced with another infection. And this may well be one of the main reasons why we see people with recurring UTIs.

“For doctors this may mean considering a combination treatment – so an antibiotic that attacks the cell wall then a different type for any hidden L-form bacteria, so one that targets the RNA or DNA inside or even the surrounding membrane.”

Diagnosis
The research also found that L-form bacteria is difficult to identify by traditional methods used in hospital as the gel used in effect “pops” the bacteria as they are put into it.

A special osmoprotective detection method was needed to support the weaker L-form bacteria, enabling them to be identified in the lab. The team will be furthering the research with trials in patients who have had treatment.

For more information, please visit Newcastle University, UK website: http://www.ncl.ac.uk/

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Newcastle University has welcomed the announcement that a new post-study work visa would allow international students to work in the UK for two years after graduation.

Bengaluru: The two-year post-study visa will apply to all international students starting courses from 2020, at undergraduate level or above, at institutions that are compliant with immigration checks. There is no restriction on the kinds of jobs graduates would have to seek and no cap on numbers.

The new arrangement reverses a ruling made in 2012 by the then-Home Secretary, Theresa May, that limited international students to only four months’ stay in the UK following graduation during which to look for work.

Welcoming the announcement, Professor Richard Davies, Pro-Vice-Chancellor, Global said: “As an international university tackling global challenges through our teaching and research, we need different perspectives, outlooks, ideas, cultures and opinions. That’s why we are delighted that international students can now look for work for up to 2 years after their degree is completed. This makes our university and the UK as a whole a far more attractive proposition for the international students who are making one of life’s most significant, positive, life-changing decisions.”

The move has also been welcomed by Universities UK (UUK), which has been campaigning for a decade on post-study visas, including launching its own proposals in 2018 for a two-year Global Graduate Talent Visa.

UUK’s CEO Alistair Jarvis said: “This is very positive news. Evidence shows that international students bring significant positive social outcomes to the UK as well as £26 billion in economic contributions, but for too long the lack of post-study work opportunities in the UK has put us at a competitive disadvantage in attracting those students.

“The introduction of a two-year post-study work visa is something Universities UK has long campaigned for and we strongly welcome this policy change, which will put us back where we belong as a first-choice study destination. Not only will a wide range of employers now have access to talented graduates from around the world, these graduates hold lifelong links.”
For more information, please visit Newcastle University, UK website: http://www.ncl.ac.uk/

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Newcastle University has been ranked in the world’s top 150 universities by an influential guide.

Bengaluru: The QS World University Rankings 2020 has ranked Newcastle University146th in the world out of 1,000 institutions, while the responses from over 44,000 employers rank the University 89th in the world for employer reputation.

Professor Chris Day, Vice-Chancellor and President, Newcastle University, said: “The top 100 ranking for employer reputation reflects our commitment to delivering an outstanding student experience and helping our students to develop the skills needed by employers. I am proud that our students and graduates are recognised for being creative, innovative, enterprising and global in their outlook by so many of the organisations that employ them.

“The strong performance in this influential guide is a testament to our research excellence in a range of areas, such as Ageing and Health, Energy, Data, Cities, and Culture and Creative Arts.”

Newcastle University student Stephanie Wilson landed a marketing internship with Veritent, a digital start-up in Newcastle. She said: “The internship gave me a structured routine to follow outside of my degree course timetable and enabled me to meet some really knowledgeable, friendly, helpful individuals who have taught me lots about how to succeed in my chosen career field. “Furthermore, it has supported my applications for year-in-industry opportunities and contributed to my achievement of being offered a placement at a major global company for 2019/20.”

The league table, produced by global higher education consultancy QS Quacquarelli Symonds, ranks the world’s top 1,000 universities. QS’s flagship site, www.TopUniversities.com was visited nearly 70 million times in 2018 by students, the global academic community, and policymakers internationally, making them the world’s most-consulted rankings of their kind.

Newcastle

retains its global Top 150 position in a leading HE guide
The high employability position in the QS World University Rankings 2020 follows on from the Guardian University Guide 2020, which ranks Newcastle University joint 6th in the UK and the Complete University Guide 2020 and the Sunday Times university league table, which ranks Newcastle University in the country’s top 10 for graduate prospects.

The latest Higher Education Business & Community Interaction Survey (HEBCIS) survey places Newcastle University third nationally for graduate entrepreneurship for the combined revenue of its 186 trading start-ups (£40.3m) and third for the amount of external investment raised by graduate start-ups (£13.7m), demonstrating their quality and growth potential.

For more information, please visit Newcastle University, UK website: http://www.ncl.ac.uk/

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A leading student survey reveals that nine out of 10 international students are satisfied with Newcastle University.

Bengaluru: Carried out by i-graduate, the International Student Barometer (ISB) Autumn 2018 results demonstrate a high level of satisfaction among students from around the world, with 92.5% of respondents stating they were satisfied and 95.6% saying they are happy at Newcastle University.

Satisfaction scores among international students are high across all the key areas of the international student experience: learning (91.5%), living (93.8%), support (93.2%) and arrival (92.2%).

Professor Suzanne Cholerton, Pro-Vice-Chancellor, Education, Newcastle University, said: “We are very pleased our overseas students continue to rank their experience and time at Newcastle University so highly. The positive feedback from our international students is a testament to the efforts of everyone at Newcastle University who helps deliver outstanding support and education for our students.”

Newcastle University Students’ Union received a 97.4% satisfaction score.

Raff Marioni, President, Newcastle University Students’ Union, said: “We are delighted to have such a high satisfaction score in the survey. We have consistently scored very highly over the past five years which I believe is a reflection of the value that our international students put on the various initiatives and programmes we offer in the Students’ Union, many of which the students themselves have helped co-create.”

Devanjali Shukla, postgraduate International Business Management student at Newcastle University Business School, said: “Choosing Newcastle University for my postgraduate studies has proven to be a good decision owing to the quality of education it offers.

“The lecturers are extremely helpful and resourceful. The library has an excellent collection of course books and e-Books and is also open 24*7 which makes it an exceptional resource.

“Being a student at this University, I’ve been exposed to opportunities like meeting professionals from my field of work, attend workshops, and participate in business challenges, which has immensely helped in improving and nurturing professional skills that will help me in my career.

“The city is scenic and the people are great, which makes it a fantastic place to live in. The student accommodations are spread across the city centre and mostly are not more than 15 minutes walks from the University making them convenient and home like.”

The International Student Barometer Autumn 2018 compiled results from 200 participating institutions from all over the world. The annual survey asks European Union and international students about their course and learning experiences. With 3 million students worldwide across all student types, levels and years of study, the International Student Barometer is the leading bench marking tool used to track the international student experience.

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